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南京市市容管理条例

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南京市市容管理条例

江苏省南京市人大


南京市市容管理条例
南京市人大


1997年11月19日南京市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十四次会议制定 1998年2月11日江苏省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十三次会议批准

第一章 总则
第一条 为了加强城市市容管理,创造清洁、优美的城市工作、生活环境,促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设,根据有关法律、法规,结合本市实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称的市容管理,是指对城市的建筑物(含构筑物、设施,下同)、道路、公共场所、贸易市场、机动车辆、园林绿地、施工场地、广告、霓红灯等容貌的管理。
第三条 本级例适用于本市市区(农村除外)。
第四条 各级人民政府应当加强对城市市容管理工作的领导。城市市容管理工作,实行统一领导、分级负责,专业人员管理与群众管理相结合的原则。
第五条 市人民政府市容行政主管部门(以下简称市市容主管部门)负责全市市容管理工作。区、市容主管部门按照规定的职权负责辖区内的市容管理工作。市、区市容监察机构受同级市容主管部门的委托,市渣土管理机构受市市容主管部门的委托,在委托的范围内依法行使市容执法权

建设、规划、建工、市政公园、园林、房产、环境保护、公安、交通、工商行政、卫生等有关部门应当按照各自的职责,协同搞好市容管理工作。
第六条 各级人民政府应当加强宣传教育,提高公民市容环境意识。
一切单位和个人都应当自觉维护市容环境,遵守本条例,并有权劝阻、举报违反本条例的行为。
第七条 市容主管部门及其执法人员应当忠于职守,文明执法,维护群众利益,遵守执法程序,坚持教育与处罚相结合,做好市容的综合治理工作。
第八条 各级人民政府应当鼓励开展市容管理科学技术研究,推广先进经验,提高市容管理水平。
对在市容管理和科研工作中成绩显著的单位和个人,由市容主管部门或者报请同级人民政府给予表彰和奖励。

第二章 建筑物容貌管理
第九条 新建、改建的建筑物,应当符合国家规定的城市容貌标准。
第十条 现有的建筑物应当保持外形完成。临街破残的建筑物应当及时整修,符合街景要求。利用临街非永久性建筑破墙开店的,必须征得市容主管部门同意后,按照有关规定办理审批手续。
第十一条 临街建筑物外墙应当保持整洁。墙面污染的,应当及时清洗、粉刷、油饰。主次干道两侧大型公共建筑物,应当逐步设置并使用亮化设施。
第十二条 屋顶和主干道两侧建筑物的阳台外侧,不得搭置建筑物,堆放、吊挂物品影响市容。
主次干道两侧住宅,需要封闭阳台的,应当按照统一的设计样式封闭。

第三章 道路、公共场所和机动车辆容貌管理
第十三条 道路(含人行道、车行道、隔离带,下同)应当保持平整、完好。路面出现坑凹、破裂、隆起、溢水、塌陷和污染等情况,管理单位应当在限期内修复和清理。
第十四条 道路上设置的井盖等设施应当保持完好。井盖出现丢失、破损、移位的,管理单位应当及时补齐、维修、复位。
第十五条 道路两侧和公共场地不得堆放物料、搭建建筑物。因特殊需要在道路两侧和公共场地临时堆放物料、搭建非永久性建筑物的,必须征得市容部门同意后,按照有关规定办理审批手续。
不得在市人民政府禁止的地段和时间内摆摊设点。主次干道及其临街空地,不得晾晒衣物。
第十六条 主次干道两则的围墙应当美观、透景。可以选用栅栏或者绿篱、花坛、草坪等作为分界。
第十七条 道路两侧、公共场地的树土、草坪、绿篱、绿岛、雕塑、花台、水池等,应当保持整洁。出现损毁、缺失、污染的,管理单位应当及时修复、整饰、清理。
第十八条 交通场站、信号装置、路牌标志、隔离栏栅、电力杆线、邮政电信等设施,应当保持整洁、完好,位置适当,出现破损、锈蚀、脱落、移位的,管理单位应当及时维修、整饰。
第十九条 道路、临街空地的各种施工作业,应当围护现场,设置警示标志,及时清理场地。
第二十条 机场、车站、港口、码头、影剧院、歌舞厅、体育场馆、公园景点、贸易市场等公共场所,应当保持容貌整洁。管理单位负责维护公共场所的容貌整洁、美观。
第二十一条 在市区运行的交通运输工具,应当保持容貌整洁。货运车辆应当规范装载,避免泄漏、遗撒。
不得在道路和临街空地清洗机动车辆。在市区设置机动车辆清洗站(点)的,应当征得市市容主管部门同意后,按照有关规定办理审批手续。

第四章 建设工程施工场地容貌和工程渣土处置管理
第二十二条 建筑工程施工现场应当设置不低于2米的围墙;材料、机具应当推放整齐;施工污水、泥浆不得漫溢场外;工程渣土应当及时清运。工地出口处应当设置专项设施冲洗车辆,防止带泥行驶。停工场地应当及时整理并作必要的覆盖。工程竣工后,应当拆除临时设施,及时清?
砗推秸〉亍?
第二十三条 回填工程基坑、洼地等需要受纳渣土的,受纳单位应当到市渣土管理机构申报登记,市渣土管理机构会同有关单位统一调剂。
第二十四条 各类工程弃置渣土的,建设单位应当在工程开工前,到市渣土管理机构申办弃置手续,并按照国家有关规定缴纳处置费。
第二十五条 单位或者个人装饰、修缮房屋弃置的渣土,不得与生活垃圾混放,应当袋装堆放到指定地点,并按照规定缴纳处置费。有关单位应当及时清运。
第二十六条 运输渣土必须经市市容主管部门批准。运输渣土的车辆必须按照规定的时间、路线行驶,到指定场地弃置渣土。
第二十七条 渣土弃置场地由市市容主管部门批准设置。未经批准,不得擅自设置渣土弃置场地。

第五章 广告、霓虹灯容貌管理
第二十八条 城市中设置的户外广告、霓虹灯、电子显示牌、标语牌、灯箱、画廊、厨窗等设施(以下统称广告、霓虹灯),应当位置设置适当,布置形式与街景协调,保持完好、整洁、美观。破损、陈旧、污秽的,应当及时维修、油饰、更换、出新或拆除。
第二十九条 不得擅自跨越道路或者利用行道树、电线杆等道路附着物以及在建筑物上挂设横幅、条幅、布幔、灯箱、店招店牌等宣传品。需要挂设的,必须经市容主管部门批准,按照有关规定办理手续。经批准挂设的,应当保持完好整洁。期限届满必须自行清除。
第三十条 大型户外广告的设置(含利用自身载体设置的),必须征得市市容主管部门同意后,按照有关规定办理审批手续。
第三十一条 严禁在建筑物、公共设施以及树木上涂写、刻画、随意张贴。

第六章 罚则
第三十二条 违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一的,由市容主管部门责令其纠正违法行为、采取补救措施,可以给予警告,并可以按照下列规定处以罚款。
(一)屋顶、主干道两侧建筑物的阳台外侧搭置建筑物,堆放、吊挂物品影响市容,拒不改正的,对单位处以二十元以上二百元以下罚款;对个人处以十元以上二十元以下罚款;
(二)擅自在道路两侧及公共场地堆放物料的,处以一千元以下罚款;
(三)擅自在道路两侧和公共场地搭建建筑物影响市容的,按工程造价的百分之三至百分之十五处以罚款;
(四)违反有关规定,擅自在道路两侧和公共场地摆摊设点影响市容,经教育拒不改正的,处以十元以上二百元以下罚款。情节严重的,可以暂扣经营的物品;
(五)货运车辆沿途撒漏的,按照污染面积每平方米处以十元以下罚款,但最多不得超过一万元;
(六)临街工地不设置护栏或者不作遮挡、施工污水漫溢场外、停工场地不及时整理并作必要覆盖或者竣工后不及时清理和平整场地,影响市容的,处以二百元以上二千元以下罚款;
(七)未经同意设置户外广告、霓虹灯,或者广告规定期限届满未拆除,影响市容的,责令其限期拆除。逾期不拆除的,对单位处以三千元以下罚款,对个人处以二百元以下罚款;
(八)在建筑物、公共设施以及树木上涂写、刻画、随意张贴的,处以二百元以下罚款。
由区市容主管部门处以罚款,款额超出一千元的,报市市容主管部门批准。
第三十三条 违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一的,由市市容主管部门责令其纠正违法行为,采取补救措施,可以给予警告,并可以按照下列规定处以罚款;
(一)在市区运行的机动车辆车容明显不洁影响市容的,处以五十元以下罚款;
(二)在道路和临街空地清洗、修理机动车辆污染路面的,按照污染面积每平方米处以五元以上十元以下罚款;
(三)擅自设置弃置场地受纳渣土的,处以三千元以上一万元以下罚款;
(四)随意弃置渣土或者未按照指定地点弃置渣土的,每货车处以五千元以下罚款;
(五)未经批准运输渣土的,每货车处以五百元以下罚款。
第三十四条 对违反本条例规定,擅自或者未按要求设置的广告、霓虹灯、宣传品,擅自或者未按要求在道路、临街空地以及屋顶、阳台外侧放置物品,严重影响市容未能自行清除或者权属不明难以自行清除的,市容主管部门可以强制清除。
第三十五条 侮辱、殴打市容管理人员或者阻挠其执行公务的,由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》的规定处罚;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第三十六条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。逾期不申请复议、不起诉,又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第三十七条 市容管理工作人员违反本条例规定,滥用职权、徇私舞弊、玩忽职守的,由其所在单位或者上级主管部门给予行政处分;造成经济损失的,应当依法赔偿;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第七章 附则
第三十八条 县属建制镇参照本条例执行。
第三十九条 本条例自1998年5月1日起施行。1994年2月18日市人民政府颁发的《南京市市容管理规定》、《南京市市容和环境卫生管理处罚办法》同时废止。



1998年2月11日

Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration

Commissioner of SFDA


Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration



(SFDA Decree No. 21)

The Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and Drug Administration, adopted at the executive meeting of the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) on November 18, 2005, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


Shao Mingli
Commissioner of SFDA
November 18, 2005





Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food and
Drug Administration


Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 This Procedure is formulated for the purpose of effective prevention, timely control and elimination of the hazards of public health emergencies to ensure the health and safety of the public in accordance with the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Regulations for Implementation of the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Emergent Public Health Hazards, and other relevant laws and regulations.

Article 2 The special review and approval procedure for drug registration refers to the procedure and requirements of the State Food and Drug Administration to carry out special review and approval of drugs for handling public heath emergencies under the principle of unified leadership, early involvement, expeditiousness and efficiency, and scientific review and approval, in an effort to approve drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies as soon as possible under the threat or after the occurrence of public heath emergencies.

Article 3 The State Food and Drug Administration may, according to law, decide to follow the Procedure to conduct special review and approval of drugs for public health emergencies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Where the President of the People’s Republic of China declares a state of emergency or the State Council decides that certain areas within a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government are in a state of emergency;
(2) Where the contingency program for public health emergencies is initiated according to law;
(3) Where the drug reserve department or the health administrative department of the State Council proposes a special review and approval for drugs having existing national drug standard;
(4) Other circumstances applicable to special review and approval.

Article 4 The State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the review and approval of clinical trials, production and importation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, upon entrustment of the State Food and Drug Administration, be responsible for on-site inspection and sampling of the pilot products of the drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.


Chapter 2 Application Acceptance and On-site Inspection

Article 5 Where the special review and approval procedure for drug registration is initiated, the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the acceptance of registration applications for drugs for public health emergencies.

Where a drug or a preventive biological product for public health emergencies has not been marketed in China, the applicant shall, before submission of the registration application, provide the State Food and Drug Administration with relevant research and development information.

Article 6 The applicant shall submit a registration application with relevant technical dossier to the State Food and Drug Administration according to the relevant provisions and requirements on administration of drug registration.

The registration application for drug for public health emergencies may be submitted in electronic form.

Article 7 Before submitting an application for registration, the applicant may provide a feasibility assessment application with general information and relevant explanations. The State Food and Drug Administration shall only comment on the scientific rationality and feasibility of the drug project, and respond within 24 hours.

The response to a feasibility assessment application shall be neither deemed as the review and approval opinion nor legally binding on the review and approval result of a registration application.

Article 8 The State Food and Drug Administration shall organize an expert group to evaluate and review the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, make a decision within 24 hours on whether or not to accept the application, and notify the applicant.

Article 9 Where a registration application is accepted, the State Food and Drug Administration shall organize technical review of submitted dossier within 24 hours and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct an on-site inspection on drug research and development conditions, and organize sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the on-site inspection result and relevant opinion to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 10 The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize staff from the departments of drug registration, drug safety and inspection, etc. to participate in the on-site inspection.

The National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products shall be notified to send staff to participate in the on-site inspection and sampling of preventive biological products.

Article 11 For drugs that have existing national standards for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, the State Food and Drug Administration may directly review and approve the drug in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 6 of the Procedure when it deems there is no need for a clinical trial in accordance with law.

Article 12 With respect to the registration application for a specific vaccine, where only the original virus strain used in the manufacturing is changed while the manufacturing processes or quality specifications are maintained, the State Food and Drug Administration shall make a decision on whether or not to grant the approval within three days after verifying the changed strain used in the manufacturing.


Chapter 3 Testing for Registration

Article 13 After receiving the samples taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the drug testing institution shall immediately organize verification of specifications and laboratory testing on the samples.

The drug testing institution shall complete the testing within the time frame for the drug being applied.

Article 14 For a drug applied first time for marketing, the State Food and Drug Administration may, when necessary, make early involvement by appointing the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products to communicate with the applicant prior to testing for registration so as to timely resolve technical problems which may arise in the process of quality specifications verification and laboratory testing.

With respect to preventive biological products used to prevent and control the epidemic of serious infectious diseases, the State Food and Drug Administration may, depending on the situation, allow the testing for registration and the manufacturer’s self-testing to be performed in parallel.

Article 15 After completion of the specifications verification and laboratory testing on a drug, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, issue its verification opinion and submit it along with the drug test report to the State Food and Drug Administration.


Chapter 4 Technical Review

Article 16 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 15 days after acceptance of the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment in public health emergencies, complete the first round of technical review.

Article 17 Where the State Food and Drug Administration considers that additional data are needed, it shall immediately inform the applicant of the content and timeline.

Where the applicant submits the supplementary data within the specified timeline, the State Food and Drug Administration shall complete the technical review within three days, or, depending on the situations, organize another review meeting within five days, and then complete the review report within two days.


Chapter 5 Clinical Trial

Article 18 Where the technical review is completed, the State Food and Drug Administration shall, within three days, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.

Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve a clinical trial, it shall issue a Drug Clinical Trial Approval. Where it decides not to approve, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 19 Where an applicant obtains a clinical trial approval, it shall conduct the trial strictly following the relevant requirements in the approval document, and comply with the Good Clinical Practice.

Article 20 Drug clinical trials shall be conducted in institutions legally certified for drug clinical trials. If a clinical trial has to be conducted by an institution not yet certified, a special approval by the State Food and Drug Administration should be obtained.

The application for a clinical trial conducted by an institution not yet certified for drug clinical trials may be submitted along with the application for drug registration.

Article 21 The investigator responsible for a drug clinical trial shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, timely report adverse events occurred in the process of the clinical trial to the State Food and Drug Administration. If no adverse event occurs, the investigator shall collect relevant information and report to the State Food and Drug Administration monthly.

Article 22 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, in accordance with law, supervise and inspect the clinical trials of drugs for public health emergencies.


Chapter 6 Review, Approval and Monitoring of Drug Production

Article 23 The applicant shall, after completion of the drug clinical trials, submit the relevant data to the State Food and Drug Administration in accordance with the Provisions for Drug Registration.

Article 24 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 24 hours after receiving data submitted by the applicant, organize technical review, and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct the on-site inspection on the drug manufacturing conditions, and organize the sampling and testing of pilot products.

The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the result and opinion of the on-site inspection to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 25 Any newly-established drug manufacturer or manufacturer with newly-built manufacturing workshops or newly-added dosage forms for production may apply to the State Food and Drug Administration for a certificate of the Good Manufacturing Practice along with the application for drug registration. The State Food and Drug Administration shall, when conducting the drug registration review, immediately carry out an inspection on the Good Manufacturing Practice certification.

Article 26 The drug testing institution shall, after receiving the samples of three batches taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, immediately arrange the testing.

Upon completion of testing, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, complete the test report and submit it to the State Food and Drug Administration.

Article 27 The State Food and Drug Administration shall carry out technical review in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Procedure, and shall, within three days after the completion of the technical review, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.
Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve the drug, it shall issue the Letter of Approval for Drug Registration, and may grant an approval number for the drug at the same time if the applicant has appropriate manufacturing conditions; if it decides to disapprove the manufacturing, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.

Article 28 Where a drug manufacturer or distributor, or a medical and health institution finds any new or serious adverse drug reaction or cluster adverse reaction relating to a specially approved drug for public health emergencies, it shall immediately report the case to the local (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the health administrative department at the provincial level and the professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring.

The professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring shall regard drugs specially approved for public health emergencies as critically monitored products, analyze the collected case reports in accordance with the relevant provisions and timely report to the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and the State Food and Drug Administration.

The State Food and Drug Administration shall reinforce the reevaluation of approved drugs for public health emergencies after they are marketed.


Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

Article 29 The measures for special review and approval of the medical devices for public health emergencies shall be separately formulated by the State Food and Drug Administration with reference to the relevant provisions of the Procedure.

Article 30 The Procedure shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.





个人合伙的民事责任如何承担?

李琳萍


  随着市场经济的飞速发展,合伙在经济生活中发挥着越来越多的作用。但现实生活中合伙纠纷屡见不鲜,当出现纠纷时,该如何明确合伙的民事责任,对于防止或减少合伙纠纷,解决合伙纠纷有重要作用。
  个人合伙的民事责任指个人合伙违反民事义务或侵犯他人民事权利所应承担的法律后果。笔者从以下两方面理解:一是个人合伙对内民事责任的承担,一是个人合伙对外民事责任的承担。  
  一、个人合伙的对内民事责任,由合伙事务而产生的各合伙人之间、合伙人与合伙企业之间及合伙企业聘用的经营管理人员或职工与合伙企业之间的民事责任。
  1、出资违约责任。《合伙企业法》第12条规定,合伙人应当按照合伙协议约定的出资方式、数额和缴付出资的期限,履行出资义务。如果合伙人违反出资协议,就应当依法向其他履行出资义务的合伙人承担出资违约责任。
  2、擅自将自己在合伙企业中的财产份额出质的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第4条规定,合伙人以其在合伙企业中的财产份额出质的,须经其他合伙人一致同意。未经其他合伙人一致同意,合伙人以其在合伙企业中的财产份额出质的,其行为无效,或者作为退伙处理;由此给其他合伙人造成损失的,依法承担赔偿责任。
  3、不具有事务执行权的合伙人擅自执行合伙企业事务的赔偿责任。按《合伙企业法》第26条的规定,委托一名或数名合伙人执行合伙企业事务,其他合伙人不再执行合伙企业事务。被聘任的合伙企业的经营管理人员的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第35条规定,被聘任的合伙企业的经营管理人员应当在合伙企业授权范围内履行职务。
  4、违反竞业禁止义务及不得与本合伙企业进行交易义务的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第30条规定,合伙人不得自营或者同他人合作经营与本合伙企业相竞争的业务。除合伙协议另有约定或者经全体合伙人同意外,合伙人不得同本合伙企业进行交易,给合伙企业或者其他合伙人造成损失的,依法承担赔偿责任。
  5、执行合伙事务中损害合伙企业利益的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第19条规定,合伙企业存续期间,合伙人的出资和所有以合伙企业的名义取得的收益均为合伙企业的财产。合伙企业的财产由全体合伙人依照本法共同管理和使用。该法第30条规定,合伙人不得从事损害本合伙企业利益的活动。
  6、擅自处理必须全体合伙人同意才能执行的合伙事务的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第32条规定,合伙企业的下列事务必须经全体合伙人同意:(一)处分合伙企业的不动产;(二)改变合伙企业的名称;(三)转让或处分合伙企业的知识产权或其他财产权;(四)向企业登记机关申请办理变更登记手续;(五)以合伙企业名义为他人提供担保;(六)聘任合伙人以外的人担任合伙企业的经营管理人员;(七)依照合伙协议约定的有关事项。如果合伙人违反该条的规定,擅自处理合伙企业事务,给合伙企业或其他合伙人造成损失的,应依法承担赔偿责任。
7、入伙的民事责任。《合伙企业法》第44条规定,新合伙人入伙时,应当经全体合伙人同意,并依法订立书面入伙协议。如果新入伙人未经全体合伙人同意,并且没有依法订立书面协议,其入伙无效。按该法第45条规定,入伙的新合伙人与原合伙人享有同等权利,承担同等责任。但入伙协议另有约定的除外。入伙的新合伙人对入伙前合伙债务承担连带责任。
  8、擅自退伙的赔偿责任。《合伙企业法》第46条规定,合伙协议约定合伙企业的经营期限的,有下列情形之一时,合伙人可以退伙:(一)合伙协议约定的退伙事由出现;(二)经全体合伙人同意退伙;(三)发生合伙人难于继续参加合伙企业的事由;(四)其他合伙人严重违反合伙协议约定的义务。该法第47条规定:合伙协议未约定合伙企业的经营期限的,合伙人在不给合伙企业事务造成不利影响的情况下,可以退伙,但应当提前三十日通知其他合伙人。
  9、拒绝承担合伙人内部求偿权的民事责任。《合伙企业法》第39条规定,合伙企业财产不足清偿到期债务的,各合伙人应当承担无限连带责任。该法第40条规定,合伙人由于承担连带责任,所清偿数额超过其应当承担的数额时,有权向其他合伙人追偿。如果合伙人代替其他合伙人清偿了超过自己应承担数额的债务的,其他合伙人有义务向该合伙人清偿,其他合伙人拒绝清偿的,应依法承担违约责任,若给该合伙人造成损失的,应依法承担赔偿责任。
  10、清算人应依法承担的民事责任。合伙人担任清算人在执行清算事务时,谋取非法收入或侵占合伙企业财产的,应将该收入或侵占的财产返还给合伙企业,并应依法承担赔偿责任。清算人违反合伙企业解散后清偿顺序的规定,隐匿、转移合伙企业财产,对资产负债表或财产清单作虚假记载,或者在未清偿前分配财产而损害债权人利益的,应依法承担赔偿责任。
  二、个人合伙的对外民事责任,指全体合伙人就合伙债务所承担的无限连带责任,也就是合伙企业对第三人应承担的民事责任。《合伙企业法》第39条规定,合伙企业对其债务负责,应先以其全部财产进行清偿。合伙企业财产不足清偿到期债务的,各合伙人应当承担无限连带责任。第40条规定,以合伙企业财产清偿合伙企业债务时,其不足的部分,由各合伙人按照 本法第三十二条第一款规定的比例,用其在合伙企业出资以外的财产承担清偿责任。
  合伙人对合伙债务承担连带责任。每个合伙人均对全部合伙债务负清偿责任,合伙债权人一旦要求全部、部分或个别的合伙人清偿,被要求者即有义务予以清偿;其清偿行为,对其他合伙人也有清偿的效力;若其清偿的债务超过应担份额,则其就超出部分对其他应担合伙人享有追偿权。


荔浦县人民法院 李琳萍